G210
Bronze
#3
Bronze #3
Chinese Bronze 1100-1900
宋元明清: Late Chinese bronze were dismissed as copy or forgery. The Exhibition aims to reveal them as works of art in their own rights
《夏山图》 attr. 屈鼎
Hollandaise
900-1100AD Landscape depicting sublimity of creation
Espagnole
Central mountain sits in commanding majesty like an emperor before his subjects — culmination of nature’s hierarchy
宋徽宗 1100
“I’ll follow the ancient ways by the light of today’s customs.”
He believed that adherence to standardized practices would factory behavior within society and usher in an age of prosperity and peace.
格物致知 （北宋）
Scholar official class consider it an essential step in the self cultivation Confucianism espoused
《竹禽图》宋徽宗
Hollandaise
His imperial academy is known for detailed flower and bird
Regenerating bamboo: leaves are turning green but tips still brown
铜牛鼎（北宋）
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For 宋徽宗’s altar at grand chamber （太室）
Ox head reference a contemporary ritual recorded in 10th century 《三礼图》— describes three cauldrons as containers for three sacrificial animals: ox, lamb, pig.
铜弦纹炉 Incense burner
Hollandaise
Embody both antiquarian taste and minimalist design of 宋
Based on larger models from 汉 for modern function. Discard elaborate decoration in favor of horizontal bands — simplicity and handling pleasure
汝窑樽式炉 Tripod incense burner Ru ware
Hollandaise
Ceramic imitating ancient bronze
tripod and cylindrical body are from bronze wine container of 3rd BCE
汝窑: bluish-gray glaze with fine crack is a marvel of naturalism meant to represent color of sky after rain
政和五禮新儀，宋徽宗，1107
Plan to revive production of ritual bronze
No more than 50 orders by 宋徽宗 in major collection today
神宵玉清万寿宫碑 （拓本）Divine Empyrean Palace
宋徽宗 ordered the construction of the monastery in the imperial court and subsidiary temples in every prefecture
Every monastery has a stele like this incised with imperial commandment in slender gold （瘦金体）— resemble finely spun filament of precious metal
铜豆 （北宋政和）
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Only surviving intact Song dou
Baed on aechaic offering bowl for minced meat (剁碎肉), vegetable, and sauce
宋徽宗 comm. For the altar of Great Lord of Eternal Life
铜山尊 (北宋宣和) Ritual Mountain Vessel shanzun
Hollandaise
For the state Altar of Earth
Shanzun: in ritual manuals since 10th century as a bottle depicting Rocky Mountains
铜大晟 Dasheng Bell 南吕中声 (北宋 )
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Dasheng: Great Brilliance — harmonize society, unify people, and attain order
宋徽宗 reform of court music
铜大晟 夹钟（宋金）
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1126 Bianjing fell
Bell kept by Jin
1174 erased Dasheng with Dahe (Great Harmony, title of Jin ritual music)
南宋：Zhu Xi propose standardization of ritual vessel / restriction of copper besides coinage
元：ban on non-governmental use of copper lifted as paper currency are used - boom in ritual bronze - fulfill important objective of lauding sponsor’s civil contribution and professional achievements.
路？
镇江路学祭器豆盖 Dou lid （元大德 ）
Hollandaise
1306 for Confucian school of Zhenjiang prefecture
Gazetteer 地名索引 shows 574 bronzes were comm to replace Song bamboo and wood ritual vessel
镇江路学祭器 fu lid (fu?)（元延佑）
中庆路文朝祭器铜 fu（元至治 ）
Hollandaise
Only yuan bronze with certain place of production
1321 for Confucian temple of Zhongqing Route
松江府学祭器铜罍 Lei（元至正）
松江府铜豆 dou（元至正 ）
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1359 for Confucian school of Songjiang prefecture
镇江路学祭器铜 Bian（明成化 ）
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Ritual vessel production continued despite Yuan fell
Traditional Bian are bamboo basket
昆山县学祭器铜簋 Gui（明成化 ）
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Design inspired by 宣和博古图
昆山县学祭器铜 fu（明成化）
Hollandaise
Faithful copy of ancient bronze from 宣和博古图 but added a lid.