G210
Bronze
#3
Bronze #3
Chinese Bronze 1100-1900
宋元明清: Late Chinese bronze were dismissed as copy or forgery. The Exhibition aims to reveal them as works of art in their own rights
夏山图 attr. 屈鼎
Hollandaise
900-1100AD Landscape depicting sublimity of creation
Espagnole
Central mountain sits in commanding majesty like an emperor before his subjects - culmination of nature’s hierarchy
宋徽宗 1100 “I’ll follow the ancient ways by the light of today’s customs.”
believe that adherence to standardized practices would factory behavior within society and usher in an age of prosperity and peace.
北宋：格物致知 - Scholar official class consider it an essential step in the self cultivation Confucianism espoused
竹禽图 徽宗
his imperial academy is known for detailed flower and bird
Regenerating bamboo: leaves are turning green but tips still brown
北宋 铜牛鼎
for 徽宗’s altar at grand chamber 太室
Ox head reference a contemporary ritual recorded in 10th c 三礼图 - describes three cauldrons as containers for three sacrificial animals: ox, lamb, pig.
铜弦纹炉 Incense burner
embody both antiquarian taste and minimalist design of Song
based on larger models of 汉 for modern function, discard elaborate deco in favor of horizontal bands - simplicity and handling pleasure
汝窑樽式炉 Tripod incense burner Ru ware
ceramic imitating ancient bronze
tripod and cylindrical body are from bronze wine container of 3rd BCE
Ru: bluish-gray glaze with fine crack is a marvel of naturalism meant to represent color of sky after rain
徽宗 1107 Zhenghe Wuli Xinyi
Plan to revive production of ritual bronze
No more than 50 orders by Huizong in major collection today
Divine Empyrean Palace 神宵玉清万寿宫碑 拓本
Huizong ordered the construction of the monastery in the imperial court and subsidiary temples in every prefecture
Every monastery has a stele like this incised with imperial commandment in 瘦金体 slender gold, resemble finely spun filament of precious metal
北宋政和 铜豆 Dou
only surviving intact Song dou
Baed on aechaic offering bowl for minced meat 剁碎肉 vegetable and sauce
徽宗 comm. For the altar of great lord of eternal life
北宋宣和 铜山尊 Ritual Mountain Vessel shanzun
for the state altar of earth
Shanzun: in ritual manuals since 10th century as a bottle depicting Rocky Mountains
北宋 铜大晟 Dasheng Bell (南吕中声）
Dasheng: Great Brilliance - harmonize society, unify people, and attain order
Huizong reform of court music
宋金 铜大晟 （夹钟）
1126 Bianjing fell
Bell kept by Jin
1174 erased Dasheng with Dahe (Great Harmony, title of Jin ritual music)
南宋：Zhu Xi propose standardization of ritual vessel / restriction of copper besides coinage
元：ban on non-governmental use of copper lifted as paper currency are used - boom in ritual bronze - fulfill important objective of lauding sponsor’s civil contribution and professional achievements.
路？
元大德 镇江路学祭器豆盖 Dou lid
1306 for Confucian school of Zhenjiang prefecture
Gazetteer 地名索引 shows 574 bronzes were comm to replace Song bamboo and wood ritual vessel
元延佑 镇江路学祭器fu lid (fu?)
元至治 中庆路文朝祭器铜fu
only yuan bronze with certain place of production
1321 for Confucian temple of Zhongqing Route
元至正 松江府学祭器铜罍 Lei
元至正 松江府铜豆 dou
1359 for Confucian school of Songjiang prefecture
明成化 镇江路学祭器铜Bian
Ritual vessel production continued despite Yuan fell
Traditional Bian are bamboo basket
明成化 昆山县学祭器铜簋 Gui
Design inspired by Xuanhe Bogutu
明成化 昆山县学祭器铜fu
faithful copy of ancient bronze from Xianhebogu but add a lid