G152
Lydia
#11
Lydia #11
Greek 7-6 BCE
Greek Expansion in the Mediterranean and Contacts with the Near East
Orientalizing Period: 8th-7th BCE
Oriental skills; gem cut, ivory carve, jewelry, metalwork
Oriental motifs: palmette, lotus, hunting animal, lion fights, composite beasts: griffin, sphinx, siren
Lydia Kingdom 7-6th
Capital: Sardis (modern Izmir)
Gold producer
Greek: Lydia is the first to mint coin
First coin: in dispute but may be during reign of King Kroisos (Lydia 561-547 BCE) - until defeated by Persian Achaemenids empire
Expression: rich as Kroisos
Lion statue
Velouté
precinct of Artemis at Sardis?
The Kybele - mother goddess of Anatolia
Lydian pottery: often decorate with iron oxide over cream color slip in wavy pattern resembling marble vein
Lydion vase - perfume jar
baccaris from Sardis
2616411 bronze jug
mostly found in Etruscan tomb
19932722 terracotta rhyton in the form of a woman
rhyton: pouring vessel
/ look like evolved from Cycladic figure
Bronze statutes of women
probably Persian: braided hair down back long belts, slightly trailing skirts stretched tightly in the back
repoussé
Terracotta oinochoe
wine jug
Wild Goat Style: motif from Near East art, dominated East Greek pottery from mid 7 to first quarter 6th BC: but deer also count? So any gazing animals?
/ the geometry filling the gaps are so naive while the rest painted so mature. Maybe by different hands? Maybe the geometry are done by the users in costume or ritual? 小孩过生日就画一个？
Engraved birds are found on Persian metalwork and East Greek silver 6th BC
Terracotta aryballos monkey
perfume vase
/ legs so skinny
East Greek glass vases also in wavy patterns
padded dancers dancing and drinking - common vase painting theme in Corinthian
Corinthian glaze not always fuse properly with the vessel, often peel off
/ all animals, doesn’t matter time or culture, follow a formula
panthers has the nose divide the face
Beast has a two toe 卡哇伊嘴 like feet
Horses has a branch or more realistic to show the ankle
Painted has four ankle branches all to the back. Statuette has the front legs branch dance front and back face back (not realistic, to show motion of front leg raised while unable to actually sculpt it raised?)
Birds and poultry are very geometric patterned filled
27116 gods name inscribed next to them
20243181 T-pose bird faced goddess type
often wear necklace of pomegranate (death and rebirth)
Polos headdress
Motif often on Boeotian stemmed bowls
Mostly discovered in graves
2021437 headdress with ray and pomegranate necklace
Persephone, queen of underworld
2578113 bronze lion statuette
three lines of engraving to show ribs - a formula of many painted beasts
197211867 Hermes carrying a lamb
Hermes: associate with flocks and herds
**** Compare 6th BC Greek horses (white outlined) with ancient Chinese
Laconian
many small flat votive figures are found in sanctuaries of Laconia, over 100,000
Ketos - sea monster
Mitra (plural mitrai) - belly guards
112101 Terracotta Neck Amphora
Sven of Herkales kill Nessos
/ early example of back-turned audience in motion, leading us to the scene (a small man rush to the battle scene)
Greek on Mainland
Corinthian
“Black-figure Technique”: develop black silhouetted form, incised line, red and white slip
Decorate pottery with tapestry like pattern inspired by Near East luxury like textile and bronze
7th BC very popular
Athens
adopted black figure end of 7th
Before that, work on large scale, combine silhouette and outline
Mid 6th dominate foreign market
Spartan
adopted black figure in late 7th
Produced retrained carefully executed pottery using purple-red paint on whitish background
Boeotian and Euboean
more influenced by Athens
Can’t really tell each apart
Though many city states, Greek recognize language as a unifying factor
Great Panhellenic Sanctuaries - Olympia, Delphi, Delos - welcome all Greek
Bronze cauldron dedicated at sanctuaries. Oriental cauldron decorated with bronze sirens, Greek versions with eagle headed griffin
Inspired by Egyptian, began to build large scale marble statues at sanctuaries and cemeteries, “heralding the long tradition of Archaic and Classical sculpture that followed”
1977112 Terra-cotta volute Krater
Sophilos: first signed Athenian artist
266045 TC Amphora
Over 100 Attic vase decorated with head and neck of a horse (forepart)
/ like the wall text, Athenian work on large scale?
Greek in Sicily
8-7th BC Selinus, known for farmland and stone temples in antiquity
Earliest sculptural metopes known in Greek world
Eros chasing Kephalos
widely used in Greek vase painting but uniquely to Sicilian on architectural features
Arula - altar
Siren
sanctuaries to Siren are known in South aurally and Sicily (geographer Strabo and other ancient writers told)